The Dark Comic Vision of Shakespeares The Winters Tale...

The Dark Comic Vision of The Winter’s Tale Although Shakespeare’s plays are generally categorized according to their adherence to the formulaic definitions of histories, romances, comedies, or tragedies, there are several plays that complicate the task of fitting neatly into these groupings. Many literary critics, in fact, have singled out a handful of plays and labeled them ‘Problem Plays’ because they do not fall easily into any of the four categories, though they do loosely adhere to the predicated ‘formula’ of the genre under which they appear in the Folios. Although The Winter’s Tale is not generally considered a problem play, it certainly contains elements that greatly complicate our understanding of the term ‘comedy’ and†¦show more content†¦The success of this attempt to lighten the mood, however, is dubious at best. By the end of the third act, the audience has had to endure the madness of Leontes, the anguish of Hermione, the abandonment of the baby Perdi ta, and the deaths of three innocent people (Antigonus, Mamillius, and Hermione). By the time Act 4 begins, the unhappy words of the dejected Hermione seem to apply equally well to the life of the play itself: To me can life be no commodity†¦Tell me what blessings I have here alive, / That I should fear to die (3.2, 91-106). Leontes’ subsequent dismissal of the Oracle and the deaths of Mamillius and Hermione give her words even greater meaning for the audience, who at this point has little reason to believe that the play has anything left to live for. Thus, the entrance of Time with the announcement that sixteen years have suddenly gone by seems odd and a bit hard to swallow for an audience who is still recovering from the distress of the first three acts. The shift of attention to the budding spring romance between Florizel and Perdita is an obvious attempt to introduce the comic element of the play. However, in light of the events that this immediately follows, this co medy seems inappropriate and a bit hasty. After all, for an audience witnessing this production in real time, it is not quite so easy to place the sad events that have just taken place sixteen years back in time, as the

Compare aspects of the life of your mother at the age of 15 with the life you have, aged 15 Free Essays

What did your mum do for fun at the age of fun when she was 15? What sort of career prospects did she have? What sort of food would she have eaten and what would she have viewed as cool? This essay is going to attempt to explore the differences between my mum’s life at 15 and mine. My mum at 15 went to a boarding school in Devon, and so her leisure time was structured. My mothers TV viewing was decided by two prefects and the headmistress. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare aspects of the life of your mother at the age of 15 with the life you have, aged 15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now At 15 I mostly choose what I watch on television and this varies from Eastenders to Big Brother, whereas the highlight of my mothers viewing every week was TOTP. The girls were never allowed into town except for dental treatment and could only go to the shops if the matron’s helper was in a good mood and would let them. By the lower fifth (year 10) the year would have its own common room where they would listen to records by the Rolling Stones and Tamla Motown and talk. My mother told me that after half terms and exeats she and her friends having pooled their money together would have midnight feasts. Midnight feasts are now a feature of most sleepovers and shopping in town is a regular occurrence. As for music it has progressed from records to CDs and from the Rolling Stones to the Darkness. Although we do not have a common room we are now from year 10 upwards aloud to be in our form room at lunch. When my mother was 15 job prospects for women were still pretty limited and the expectation was that women should have a job but should give it up once married to look after the house and any children. There were few respectable professions for women. There example are nursing, teaching and secretarial work. This is very different from the prospects for women today. Today so long as you have the qualifications you can get almost anywhere. In 1970 there were no convenience foods such as pizza from the freezer. My mother remembers most mornings being able to have either a cooked breakfast or toast and cereal. At least once a week there would be a roast dinner as well as Sundays, and also a salad once a week. Desserts were traditionally stodgy such as spotted dick and jam roly poly. There were sometimes non-traditional foods such as paella as the school employed a Spanish cook. Today you can acquire most traditional foods at supermarkets as convenience foods though puddings at school still are mostly the same such as chocolate sponge. Roasts are not as frequent and at most schools you can have salad any day of the week, also food from other cultures are quite common. Fashion styles may have changed since my mother was 15 but the fact that if you were not in the most up to date fashions then you are considered ‘Square’ has not. When my mother was 15 mini skirts had just gone out of fashion and skirts had gone to the opposite extreme of maxi skirts. Fashions were more fixed, it was either one thing or another and they did not change as often as today. There are 34 yrs between me and my mum being 15 and though some fashions and the names of the bands that teenagers listen to have changed. Teenagers still follow fashion avidly and try to break as many rules as possible even if boundaries have become wider. Prospects and boundaries may have widened but in essence things have stayed the same. How to cite Compare aspects of the life of your mother at the age of 15 with the life you have, aged 15, Essays

Strategic Management Business Services Offshoring

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Business Services Offshoring. Answer: Introduction The case study focuses on choosing an Australian company that has resulted in some of its activities in other parts of Australia. It has lead to some of the loss of jobs in the old facilities of Australia. Strategic management of the company is responsible for taking decisions that focus on the cost cutting aspects of the enterprise. The company chosen for describing the external and internal issues for its shift in manufacturing facility from Sydney to China is Industrie Clothing Pty Ltd. the company is focused on the production of men's clothing. It is an Australian fashion clothing manufacturer that was founded in the year of 1999. However, Industrie Clothing has gradually expanded its business operations in Australia and other countries such as New Zealand, London, etc. Some of the business activities will be transferred to other parts of Australia that will lead to more profitability. The manufacturing facilities of Industrie Clothing are presented located in Sydney. The company is focused on providing quality product to its customers. The enterprise is focused on manufacturing distinctive masculine clothing. Shifting of a manufacturing site from one place to another location includes many risks and opportunities. The company will face many issues regarding employment of the country. However, if the job is considered as company specific, then there is a loss of employment of local employees. Local employees of Sydney will face some difficulties in the shift of its manufacturing sites to China. It will be discussed in the report in a detailed manner. External issues affecting the company Currently, Industrie Clothing is based in Sydney in its Australian business operations. The company is specialized in manufacturing clothes for men. It has also expanded its activities in making clothes for kids also. The current facility of the company is facing some issues regarding the external environment that will be discussed in this section. The outer factors of Industrie Clothing include infrastructure, cost, laws, trends, customer base, finance, weather, and economy. In Sydney, the company has started its business operations. However, now Industrie Clothing is facing problems to continue its manufacturing process in Sydney. Industrie Clothing has conducted market research regarding the advantages of a location about its manufacturing plants (Albertoni Elia, 2014). The results of the study have shown that if the production sites of the company will shift to China, then it will be able to complete its operations at a lower cost. Lower cost of production will help Industrie cl othing to earn more profits from the market. Initially, shifting will lead a huge cost, but in the future, the cost will be overcome by making substantial profit. External issues include financial impact, infrastructure, etc. Infrastructure maintenance of Sydney is costlier than in China. Hence, for maintenance purpose the company has to spend more money that increases the production cost (Castellani Pieri, 2013). The laws and regulations also affect the productivity of the factories of the enterprise in Sydney. The strategic management department of the company must focus on the list of problems faced by the warehouses, plants of Industrie Clothing in Sydney. On shifting of the business operations, employees in that previous locality will face problem-related to their employment. China has located far away from Australia. Many employees that are working on the Sydney location cannot switch to China site (Castellani et al., 2015). Hence, it is a situation of loss of employment of many workers of the company. The company in China location will enjoy many opportunities that will be discussed in a detailed manner. China is cheap from all aspects of economic factors. If the company wants to expand its business operations in China, then exporting its goods to China will be not granted as a good option for it. Manufacturing products in China will help in gaining a substantial profit. The factories that are located in the China have a competitive advantage more than that of Sydney (Cavusgil et al., 2013). The weather, availability of labor, maintenance of infrastructure, transportation costs, costs incurred for the labor, etc. is more prevalent in Melbourne compared to Sydney. However, loss of employment is also an issue that the company cannot neglect for its expansion operations. Hence, shifting of the factory location will bring about many changes regarding both operational process and employment of the workers. In Sydney area, the manufacturing site involves huge production cost along with maintenance cost. It results in reduced profitability (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Hence, these external issues affect Industrie Clothing to formulate strategies in shifting its factories to China. Internal matters affecting the company The internal environment of a company includes resources, capabilities, management values, stakeholder goals, corporate culture, employee mix, and strategy success. Industrie Clothing is facing many internal issues in the above-discussed aspects. Employee mix is an important feature that Industrie Clothing cannot ignore. Moving business operations to offshore is a vital decision for the company that includes problems for the present employees of that region. In this scenario, some of the employees of Industrie Clothing are not willing to shift to China (Elia et al., 2015). However, other factors inside the company have forced to move its manufacturing plant in China. The resource of the company is tremendous. It is the reason for taking the decision of offshoring its production unit and the management unit in China. The employees face problems in handling China operations perfectly from Australia. It also leads to some losses. The amount of profit projected by the senior management o f the team as well as the marketing team of Industrie Clothing is not achieved from the China operations. The corporate culture of Industries Clothing supports innovation, business expansion, success in strategic goals, etc. It 's hard for maintaining the entrepreneurial culture in China through its products exporting to China. Offshoring few operations will help in defining the corporate culture in China (Jayaraman et al., 2013). Exporting of goods and earning profit is not a single motive for a company's culture. Industrie Clothing wants to spread its brand reputation in China. The management goals, the resource capabilities of Industrie Clothing are unyielding that has helped the strategic administration of the company of shifting its manufacturing plant and few management operations in China. Chinese people preferred the brand gradually. In the first stage, the company had not taken any risk in opening its new branch along with its factories in China. It is initially a right and safe decision (Larsen et al., 2013). However, now Industrie Clothing is growing, and it has its presence not only in Australia but also in other countries such as New Zealand. A branch in China will help Industrie Clothing in understanding a deeper knowledge on the consumer analysis as well as market trends of the country. The employees of the company are competent enough in managing the manufacturing sites along with the international business operations (Linares-Navarro et al., 2014). Few workers are facing some issues in running the calculations of exports in the Chinese market . Apart from that, due to trade laws of Australia and China, the business of the company is getting affected. Trade rules and regulations is a factor that affects the predicted forecast of the enterprise regarding business objectives, profitability, and marketing goals. Internal issues also include distribution channels and supplier issues. The distribution channel must be very smooth and stable so that customers are satisfied. Hence, Industrie Clothing maintains a strong reputation indirectly. However, the firm has a strong distribution channel in Australia (Luo et al., 2013). Nevertheless, it does not have a strong distribution channel in China. From Australia, it is tough to manage the Chinese distribution system smoothly. Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholders of the company include government, shareholders, customers, suppliers, labor union, investors, creditors, and board of directors. Speakers consist of various types of persons. In this scenario, the involvement of the stakeholders is necessary as it is a vital decision for the company in the field of offshoring business activities. While taking the decision regarding offshoring management activities along with the shift of manufacturing plant of men's clothing in China, the labor union, and the investors clash with each other (Luo et al., 2012). The labor unions are supporting the fact that the company must continue its business operations in Australia only. Nevertheless, the other stakeholders such as investors, shareholders, the board of directors wants to offshore few business activities of Industrie Clothing. Stakeholders want growth of the company that will result in profitability. The primary motive is to flourish the business in different parts of the world. Apart from that, the creditors, investors are ready to invest their money in the firm (Musteen, 2016). Hence, they want business expansion. The board of directors of Industrie Clothing also supports the decision of the shareholders, creditors, and investors. However, the shift of management activities along with manufacturing plant affects the stakeholders of Industrie Clothing. If the whole production unit changes to another country, then the labor union, shareholders, suppliers will get disturbed a little bit. Despite providing an opportunity to the employees associated with the production unit, the workers who are working at a lower level are not getting any chance. The suppliers of the company can lose their business to some extent. It can lead to disturbance of the vendor company relation in the long run (Musteen Ahsan, 2013). On the other hand, the stakeholders who are supporting the offshore business activities in the Chinese market are in a dilemma about the success of their venture in the foreign country. Profitability is the main motive of each stakeholder of Industrie Clothing in Australia. The New Zealand is controlled from Sydney. The production unit of Sydney provides the New Zealand branch the supply of the required men's clothing. Moreover, it is seen that the Australian production unit and its employee base are high. This strategy will be followed in the production unit of the new target market. Few changes are needed to be done (Oshri et al., 2015). Customization of policy is the main formula for success of the company while offshoring its management activities. There are various departments of Industrie Clothing that are not shifted to China such as marketing and sales, research and development, operations, human resources, etc. These units are occupied with many Australian employees. However, the Australian manufacturing plant also has many experienced employees that are very competent to manage the operational part of the production unit. The stakeholders are not ready to transfer to all the expertise to the new Chinese plant (Paz-Aparicio Ricart, 2013). The Board of Directors is facing a dilemma in discussing the transmission of the different employees from Australia. Decisions are not to be taken without the consent of the employees. The company will face problems from the stakeholders like government and suppliers. The current production plant is getting a subsidy from the Australian government. As it is a local company, hence it got more allowance and other facilities from the Australian government. When a company goes global, then i t has to pay a substantial amount to the government of that country (Pedersen et al., 2014). Though the division of China will earn significant revenue from the market, hence the facilities from the government will be less when compared to Australia. Implications on employment Employment is a vital aspect that companies cannot ignore. The strategic management of the company is focusing on the movement of some of its operations in China. Hence, to some extent employment of the business has few effects on it. The production unit depends on many units such as suppliers, distributors, operations, warehouses, inventories, etc. Many people are associated with these departments (Persaud Floyd, 2013). Many expertises are there that are not ready to switch from the Sydney branch to other branches. They want to stay in Australia only for their benefit in work. To mitigate the situation, Industrie Clothing is ready to pay a good amount to the capable employees of the production unit. Therefore, few employees will agree to shift into China location. Apart from that, some employees at a lower level that will be facing some issues related to their jobs (Schmeisser, 2013). Initially, a situation of employment chaos will be prevalent in the company as well as in the regi on. However, employment will not be affected in Australia. It is because the company will put the employees into different other departments of marketing and sales, human resources, operations, etc. Recruitment will be required in the new plant that will be opened in China. Apart from the hiring of new employees in China, the old expertise will handle the production unit in a better way. Industrie Clothing provides facilities and other employee benefits to its experienced workers (Slepniov et al., 2013). Recruitment and selection of new candidates in a new location incurs a huge cost. If the company wants to cut cost, then it is feasible to transfer employees from Australia to China. The strategic management department of Industrie Clothing is taking decision for the benefit of its workers. If the workers are satisfied, then automatically they will be motivated towards their duties and responsibilities. Employee retention is much easier and cost efficient that new recruitment and selecti on of suitable candidates. It saves both costs and time to the company. Hence, the number of employment in Australia will not be witnessing any vital changes. The old employees of the company will be staying in the other departments. Shifting of production unit incurs not only a cost to Industrie Clothing but also a degraded relationship with the suppliers and distributors of Australia (Tallman Mudambi, 2013). Hence, implications of employment will not affect the sites of Australia. Conclusion Offshoring is an activity that is implemented by many companies all over the world. Offshoring includes relocation of various operational processes such as accounting, supporting process and manufacturing. Usually, both government enterprises and private enterprises use relocation of its some business process in many countries. It is also known as a form of outsourcing. It is related to the outsourcing of administrative and technical services that supports global and domestic operations from outside the local country. It can be done using captive i.e. internal or outsourcing i.e. external delivery models. Some terms are related to the concept of offshoring. The terms are production relocation, innovation offshoring; IT enabled services offshoring and reshoring. However, the idea of production offshoring is appropriate for this study. Production offshoring is also known as physical restructuring. It involves the relocation of various physical processes of manufacturing into a destinat ion of lower cost. The report describes different benefits and issues faced by companies while applying the production offshoring in its strategic management of the enterprise. However, the employment issue and the local jobs are emphasized in the report. The Australian company Industrie Clothing has to keep in considerations about many factors to offshore its production unit and few management operations in China. It is a vital decision for the stakeholders of Industrie Clothing that involves equal effort and thinking capabilities for the production unit in the new target market i.e. China. References Albertoni, F., Elia, S. (2014). The global sourcing of business services: Evidence from the offshoring research network survey.Economia e Politica Industriale. Castellani, D., Pieri, F. (2013). RD offshoring and the productivity growth of European regions.Research Policy,42(9), 1581-1594. Castellani, D., Mancusi, M. L., Santangelo, G. D., Zanfei, A. (2015). Exploring the links between offshoring and innovation.Economia e Politica Industriale,42(1), 1-7. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G. A., Riesenberger, J. R. (2013).A framework for international business. Pearson. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Elia, S., Narula, R., Massini, S. (2015). Disentangling the Role of Modularity and Bandwidth in Entry Mode Choice: The Case of Business Services Offshoring. Jayaraman, V., Narayanan, S., Luo, Y., Swaminathan, J. M. (2013). Offshoring business process services and governance control mechanisms: an examination of service providers from India.Production and Operations Management,22(2), 314-334. Larsen, M. M., Manning, S., Pedersen, T. (2013). Uncovering the hidden costs of offshoring: The interplay of complexity, organizational design, and experience.Strategic Management Journal,34(5), 533-552. Linares-Navarro, E., Pedersen, T., Pla-Barber, J. (2014). Fine slicing of the value chain and offshoring of essential activities: empirical evidence from European multinationals.Journal of Business Economics and Management,15(1), 111-134. Luo, Y., Wang, S. L., Jayaraman, V., Zheng, Q. (2013). Governing business process offshoring: Properties, processes, and preferred modes. Journal of World Business,48(3), 407-419. Luo, Y., Wang, S. L., Zheng, Q., Jayaraman, V. (2012). Task attributes and process integration in business process offshoring: A perspective of service providers from India and China.Journal of International Business Studies,43(5), 498-524. Musteen, M. (2016). Behavioral factors in offshoring decisions: A qualitative analysis.Journal of Business Research,69(9), 3439-3446. Musteen, M., Ahsan, M. (2013). Beyond cost: the role of intellectual capital in offshoring and innovation in young firms.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(2), 421-434. Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J., Willcocks, L. P. (2015).The Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Offshoring 3rd Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. Paz-Aparicio, C., Ricart, J. E. (2013). Offshoring Activities Impact a Companys Business Model: The Case of BBVA and Banco Santander. In The Offshoring Challenge(pp. 21-35). Springer London. Pedersen, T., Bals, L., Jensen, P. D. ., Larsen, M. M. (2014).The Offshoring Challenge. Springer. Persaud, A., Floyd, J. (2013). Offshoring and Outsourcing of R and D and Business Activities in Canadian Technology Firms.Journal of technology management innovation,8(3), 1-12. Schmeisser, B. (2013). A systematic review of literature on offshoring of value chain activities.Journal of International Management,19(4), 390-406. Slepniov, D., Larsen, M. M., Whrens, B. V., Pedersen, T., Johansen, J. (2013). Offshoring White-Collar Work: An Explorative Investigation of the Processes and Mechanisms in Two Danish Manufacturing Firms. InThe Offshoring Challenge(pp. 123-140). Springer London. Tallman, S., Mudambi, S. M. (2013). Offshoring and Outsourcing of Customer-Oriented Business Processes: An International Transaction Value Model. InThe Offshoring Challenge(pp. 99-122). Springer London.

The Austin Museum of Art was the first of the three galleries attended Essay Example For Students

The Austin Museum of Art was the first of the three galleries attended Essay The Austin Museum of Art was the first of the three galleries attended. At the time, the museum had a touring Rock and Roll exhibit, which had its focus on the influence of the Rock à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"and-Roll culture on art. The pieces were arranged in a chronological order and started with the Pop Art of the early 1960s. Located in the section were two silk screens, one of Mick Jaggard and the other of Prince, done by Andy Warhol. There were a few other pieces in this time period that helped to point out a major turning point in both art and photography. It was now okay to use other peoples photographs in an art piece. Also, it symbolized a beginning of the manipulation of the photograph. No longer were the artists bound to having their work on paper, there were new and limitless areas to explore now in photography. We will write a custom essay on The Austin Museum of Art was the first of the three galleries attended specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now These were the main works that caught my attention in the museum, but there were many other pieces. Other works went through the abstract and full of color 1960s, until the newer more mechanical art of the 1980s and 90s. After attending the Austin Museum of Art, the students headed for a smaller, more informal gallery. The Dumont Gallery contained works from various photographers that were entered into a contest earlier in the year. Now the pictures were traveling around the state of Texas, and had even made a stop at the MSC in College Station. The pieces in the exhibit made visible the numerous ways in which art and photography can be presented. There were huge photographs, Polaroids, pictures developed onto clothing, series photographs, bound pictures, and a large amount whose methods of production could not be identified. There was one group of photographs done by the same artist that truly caught my attention. The artist, while a young woman did not have a very interesting life, and often sought refuge in the Nancy Drew mystery novels. Now, she has often caught herself talking to people about her life and actually telling the events that happened in the books instead of her life. It was because of those events that she did a series of photographs were she dressed up like Nancy Drew and posed in her pictures that played out the different stories from the books. She decided, why not be her if you think you are her. The last and most relaxed gallery was one that displayed the works of artists from the Austin area. The gallery was actually part of an artist colony called Laughing at the Sun. Inside the building, the pieces were mainly traditional art. There were a few sculpture pieces, but mainly, it was photographs and drawings or paintings. The pieces were actually there to show the relationship of art and human models. The subject was a tribute to the models because without them, the artists would have a harder time producing their work. In addition to looking at the pictures, I found myself  more drawn to a corner of the gallery that did not have anything to do with the exhibit. The were beautiful non-ferrous sculptures of feathers, headdresses, spears, and other Native American art. These were all done by a man named Daryl Colburn, who has been a recognized Native American artist. After a quick look in the gallery, the students got a quick tour of the colony and the projects that each artist was undertaking. The people in the colony teach classes to make money, and live and work on the property for free. The only stipulation is that they have to help maintain the property, and be willing to teach the other artists in the colony for free. .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 , .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 .postImageUrl , .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 , .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0:hover , .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0:visited , .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0:active { border:0!important; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0:active , .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0 .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4dba0b7d88c9b2597e781e4d1777a3b0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Medieval Art EssayAfter viewing the pieces in the three exhibits, I felt more educated on the evolution of photography and the way a gallery can actually influence my views on a particular piece of art. The first gallery, though it had very interesting pieces, felt stuffy and made you want to move quickly through and leave, while the last display at the artist colony was enjoyable. Laughing at the sun made me want to stay and explore the pictures spending the time to concentrate on each one and see if I could pick out the artists techniques. If ever in the Austin area, I would definitely attend Laughing at the Suns gallery.

the peaceable kingdom essays

the peaceable kingdom essays Edward Hicks is one of the best-known and most beloved American folk painters. Hicks gave his whole life to the arts and the religious beliefs behind them. Hicks commenced his spiritual life at an early age as a Quaker later becoming a minister. The Artist went on with his work year after year as he began to create a miracle in itself. The desperate foolishness of critics and others like them justify the existence of the artist, his way, his struggle, his achievements and finally his death, because in them come to the complete expression of his consciousness. Hicks began to make oil paintings of The Peaceable Kingdom based upon the description of Isaiah found in the Holy Bible. He produced over sixty versions of The Peaceable Kingdom between 1820 and 1849. . One of the themes which was evident in the painting The Peaceable Kingdom is the unity portrayed by the animals and the humans. There is an immense presence of harmony expressed by the animals in this artwork. The artist wants the observer to see what he believes is the Garden of Eden resurrected. The wolf shall dwell with the lamb, and the leopard shall lie down with the kid...and a little child shall lead them(Hughes). This part of the work was influenced by Isaiahs biblical prophecy (11:6-9) of grave conformity of the most tender and vicious creatures of the world. As you look further into the painting you become attracted to the wild cats as they stare at you with their stimulating gazes. The lion and the tiger give the impression that they are very intense, which seems ironic to what the painting was about, which was peace (Albertson). Edward Hicks put forth vast artistic form and colorization to the animals to help bring about the ideal of unity. The conformity asserted by the humans as seen in the portrait acknowledges the society of friendship amongst William Penn and the ...

How to Write the Duke University Essays 2018-2019

Duke is a selective, private university located in Durham, â€Å"Bull City,† North Carolina. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892 and has since risen to consideration as one of the top academic institutions in the world. For the Class of 2022,   Duke admitted 6.4% of applicants, and it currently sits at #8 in the U.S. News National University Rankings . A medium-sized university, Duke’s undergraduate population totals at roughly 6,600 students. The institution utilizes a semester-based calendar and is organized into the two schools: the Trinity School of Arts and Sciences, and the Pratt School of Engineering. Duke boasts a diverse, global student body, cutting-edge research opportunities, and top-tier athletics programs. Duke students are often distinguished by their entrepreneurial, energetic, and driven personalities. A collaborative and social environment, Duke offers many extracurricular opportunities, including its annual tradition of â€Å"Tenting† for the UNC basketball rivalry game. In addition, incoming first-year students are housed together on East Campus, building a tight-knit sense of community early on in the undergraduate experience. This prompt allows you to elaborate on your sexual orientation, if you so choose. On campus, Duke strives to create an inclusive environment in which everyone is empowered and able to express themselves. When writing this essay, be as truthful and authentic as possible. If your sexuality is an important or defining facet of your life, then be confident and explain why. Perhaps your sexuality has only recently caused you to question how you perceive the world, and you would like to expound upon the nature of that development. A misconception about the LGBTQ community is that its experience is a completely collective one. All over the world, there are countless individuals — athletes, musicians, scientists, professors, politicians — who identify with the LGBTQ community. The point is, sexual orientation isn’t an all-encompassing way of characterizing any single individual, and everyone’s experience is different. In line with this idea, you can approach this essay by describing how your sexual orientation folds into your specific, overall identity, how it compliments your passions, influences your perspective, and impacts your values. While optional, we at highly recommend that you respond to this prompt. At first glance, the prompt can seem complex and intimidating, but it ultimately boils down to one question: What is your personal perspective and experience? Before writing, let’s take a look at recent developments at Duke. Newly-minted president Vince Price has made it the institution’s initiative to foster a diversity of views and knowledge within its student body. Diversity is not relegated solely to student body demographics or race; it is characterized by the variety of thoughts, opinions, and perspectives embodied by individuals. Duke wants to better understand how your background, ideas, etc., will contribute to its increasingly diverse community. Duke’s most recent book selections for its first-year student summer reading program reflect what the institution values about diversity. These texts encompass a range of divergent authorial experiences and often spur readers to think more critically about how backgrounds shape and mold individuals’ perspectives. Consider reading or researching Duke’s past selected texts to gain a better understanding of how you can share your own experiences. The following have been Duke’s selected texts: As an exercise for brainstorming, try sitting down with a blank sheet of paper and writing detailed, specific answers to these following questions: When you’re finished with this exercise, ask yourself if the responses encapsulate your identity or whether you’re missing any important details. You can also talk to friends and family who, in some capacities, might know you better than you know yourself. Submit your essay and we’ll get back to you with helpful edits. This is a combination of traditional â€Å"Why this Major?† and â€Å"Why X School?† prompts. Note that 150 words is not a lot of space, so you will need to be both articulate and comprehensive in your approach. For this reason, you must be very careful to avoid sweeping generalizations. Generalized sentences like â€Å"studying engineering will allow me to be creative, collaborate on real inventions, and impact the world† may seem okay upon first inspection; but to be quite frank, almost every single Pratt applicant will be saying something along these lines, so don’t fall into that trap. What Duke, and the Pratt School of Engineering, really wants to understand is your motivations, inventive personality, and interest in problem-solving. The best way to deliver this message isn’t to tell them that you’re a problem-solver but to prove it. This prompt is slightly more general than the engineering supplement, but don’t be fooled — you still have to be very direct with only 150 words. Again, avoid sweeping generalizations and hone in on a few compelling examples about why you are not only a match for Duke but a person who will make actual contributions. If you would like more inspiration for ideas or opportunities at Duke, we recommend that you check out this list of resources. The following are excellent clubs, programs, and projects at Duke that can be used as examples throughout your all of your essays : As you work on your Duke supplement essays, remember to consider how they work in tandem to reflect your identity. Read through the essays and ask yourself if they convey what you want them to about yourself. Be your own skeptic. If you get stuck, we at recommend that you review the previously mentioned strategies and examples in this guide in order to reaffirm what Duke is looking for. Be creative, expressive, confident, and authentic! Don’t be afraid to challenge perceptions and explain your ideas. Want help on your Duke application or essays? Learn about our College Apps Program and Essay Editing Program . Want us to quickly edit your college essay? Submit it to our Rapid Review Program , and we’ll get it back to you quickly with comments from our expert team.

Violence In American Popular Culture Research Paper - 1

Violence In American Popular Culture - Research Paper Example Like many federal acts, PREA (Prison Rape Elimination Act) is more incumbent upon the shareholders to enforce than it is for government watch groups to enforce. In this way, the ultimate responsibility falls upon the leadership of the individual prison as a means of ensuring the prison rape is reported, minimized, and sought to be eliminated. As a function of performing this study, the authors noted that one of the shortcomings that prior research had failed to address was the role that prison wardens played in the reduction of incidence of prison rape; as such the need for the study itself to be undertaken was necessitated (Moster et al 67)). Unfortunately, the study found that there was little difference between the incidence and reporting levels of prison rape both pre and post PREA. This lack of change with regards to the level of prison rape that was measured and reported upon was surmised by the researchers to be fundamentally linked to the funding levels that prisons received. As a function of the limited sources of funding, prisons and prison wardens by extension have traditionally sought out other more important issues to be tackled. However, the issue of prison rape, as the authors argue, is perhaps the most important issue besides rehabilitation that any given prison or prison system can or should deal with. Due to the fact that prison rape is not only psychologically traumatic but the fact that it spreads diseases such as hepatitis, HIV, and a litany of others, the health and institution integrity of the system as a whole is put in jeopardy by such an oversight (Moster et al 69) With regards to the key information that has been studied thus far this semester with relation to the above topic, it is the belief of this author that the relationship that the ultimate shareholder, the prison warden, bears with relation to this issue is the one that most closely

Public International law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Public International law - Essay Example What this means is that where there are gross violations of human rights without internal structures to mitigate the suffering of victims, alternative forces have the right and duty to intervene and correct the situation. It must be understood that governments that tend towards gross violation of human rights are necessarily despotic in nature (Engelhart, 2009). This aspect of their being means that they must systematically destroy systems that are structurally opposed to their ideals of violence and philosophies of oppression and suppression. In time therefore there is left no meaningful forces within the despotic system to safeguard the rights of the citizens. The absence of a corrective mechanism means that the violations will go on as long as the oppressor lasts (Engelhart, 2009). This situation therefore warrants the intervention of foreign powers to protect, restore, and sustain human rights. Moreover in situations where some of the despotic governments refuse to be party to in ternational protocols that bind them towards the protection of human rights only external forces can move in to alleviate the suffering of the citizens. ... The relationship between governments and the international protocols on human rights can still be seen in the second dimension of member countries that still flout the codes for the preservation of the same rights they undertook to protect. There have been cases where countries which are party to the United Nations protocols turn round and start oppressing their civilians with little regard to the essence of rights, freedoms, and the sanctity of human rights. There are case studies all around the globe although parts of Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and The Middle East have featured most prominently in this disregard of human rights. Mass murder, arbitrary confinement, summary execution, and detention without trial are some of the examples that feature among the countries that renege on their legal obligations to safeguard their citizens’ rights and freedoms. This willful abuse and subjugation of the rights of individuals must be met with direct and active measure from whateve r source for the sole purpose of restoring the just order as idealized in the principles of good governance and as enshrined in legal systems, both foreign and local. Another argument for this measure should be that laws are meant to be kept and that there must be consequences attached to non-compliance. One case study of such intervention is illustrative in North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) forces intervention of the Kosovo crisis to ease the magnitude of human suffering and the trampling of individual rights and freedoms under the authority of the then president Slobodan Milosevic. Although the magnitude of human suffering was great it can be argued that the intervention of the foreign forces

John Stuart Mill Essay Example for Free

John Stuart Mill Essay British philosopher, John Stuart Mill, served many years as a member of parliament and worked diligently to bring forth liberal ideas. Amongst these ideas was the distinction of utilitarianism, or the act of doing what is right for the greatest number of people. Yet, just discussing the idea of right versus wrong for the masses was not enough, Mill’s determined there were two forms of utilitarianism; act, the direct form, or sanction, the indirect form. Much like formal logic with deductive and inductive reasoning, act and sanction utilitarianism strive for the same goal but have different ways of reaching it. Both forms of utilitarianism are seeking to find the best possible outcome for the largest number of people and using that as a measure of right versus wrong, yet by examining the differences of act utilitarianism and sanction utilitarianism, it will become clear that sanction utilitarianism is superior and more easily attainable. Focusing on act utilitarianism, this direct form works in maxims, expanding the contrast between right and wrong. â€Å"An act is right and just in its consequences for human happiness are at least good as any alternative available to the agent† (9). Thus, it is your duty to do the optimal act in a situation because anything other than the best act is a wrong act. Furthermore, Mills also comments that it is considered a â€Å"righteous† act if the consequences are just as good or better than any other action. Staying within the ideas of right or wrong, or when decisions seem to commonly be referred to as â€Å"black or white,† there is also an ideal of proportions to consider. Remember that the act is right is if brings happiness to the most people, but one is incapable of pleasing every person in every situation. Thus, Mills refers to the â€Å"Proportionality Doctrine† to tell what makes an act right or wrong. The Proportionality Doctrine states that acts are right if they promote happiness, or acts are wrong if they promote sadness. In act utilitarianism, each person is held to a duty to always make the best choices and perform the best actions. What that does though is â€Å"imply that I do wrong every time I fail to do the very best action, even when the suboptimal act that I perform is a very good deed. That may seem harsh and overly demanding† (11). Act utilitarianism is very demanding, having to always do the best thing all the time. What direct, or act utilitarianism implies is that if you fail to do the most optimal act then what you did was wrong, which is not always the case. In contrast to act utilitarianism, sanction utilitarianism allows gray space in between the black and white ultimatums. Mill’s writes: â€Å"because it makes the rightness and wrongness of conduct depend upon the utility of sanctioning that conduct in some way, we might call it sanction utilitarianism† (11). Here, Mill’s almost accepts that there are situations that will never be distinguished as exactly right and exactly wrong. Yet, Mill’s also struggles to let got of act utilitarianism since there usually are only two options. Thus, indirectly, an act is right if and only if its optimal to apply sanctions to its omission, whereas applying sanctions is right if and only if it is optimal is a direct action. â€Å"The only difference is that whereas sanction utilitarianism ties rightness and wrongness to praise and blame, act utilitarianism does not† (12). There are four kind acts that fall under sanction utilitarianism: 1. Wrong of forbidden acts are those whose performance it is optimal to blame 2. Permissible acts are those whose performance it is not optimal to blame 3. Obligatory acts are those whose omission it is optimal to blame 4. Supererogatory acts are permissible acts that are especially expedient (11) Here, these four actions seem to take on new meanings: while of course forbidden acts are optimal to blame negative reactions on (they are forbidden for a reason), it is now possible to see that the blame has a purpose behind it since the act caused proportionally the most damage. Unlike act utilitarianism, sanction utilitarianism is clear about which acts are sanctioned and which ones are not. In comparison, both forms of utilitarianism tend to seek the best possible outcome for he highest number of people, yet they have varying degrees of severity. People feel that when it comes to act utilitarianism, if you are not doing the best action each end every second, then whatever else you do is considered wrong. Living with the constant fear that your every action is scrutinized leaves those who practice act utilitarianism demoralized and deflated. It is also exhausting to have to be doing the best thing all the time and society does not naturally possess the ability to be a â€Å"hero† every waking moment. It would seem that sanction utilitarianism is more probable because it promotes a more feel good way of life. Your actions are all driven by a desire to do the right thing, but if you fail from time to time, as long as the intention was there, you are doing all right. â€Å"In arguing sanction utilitarianism, Mill’s claims that it allows him to distinguish duty and expediency and claim that not all inexpedient acts are wrong; inexpedient acts are only wrong when it is good or optimal to sanction them† (11). This means that sanction utilitarianism is more preferable and attainable than act utilitarianism when it comes to acts of duty. Therefore, a person would see this flexibility in sanction utilitarianism as a way to be seeking the righteous actions while being less demanding than act utilitarianism. Sanction utilitarianism is a superior alternative to act utilitarianism because it is flexible, forgiving and attainable. Humans are one of the most imperfect species on the planet and with highly evolved social politics; it is completely impossible to please everyone at the same time. Take into consideration the very foundation of democracy, selecting the best candidate for the job based on a populous vote. If everyone were voting under the basis of selecting the best person for the most number of people, then they would all vote for the same person. There has never been an election where a single candidate won every vote, and thus it proves that humans are incapable of behaving under complete act utilitarianism. On the other hand, it is good to hold yourself to the highest standards and expect the most out of yourself and think that you should always be doing the best thing. The flexibility of sanction utilitarianism is that individual morals and ethics come into play for each person, allowing them to wander between right and wrong finding the best outcome that may be a blend of the two. Take for instance the selection of which college to go to: your personality, likes, dislikes and more come into consideration and while the student wants to find a reputable school, they also have to find a place to call home for four years. If the student chooses the wrong location, it makes their lives miserable, their roommate’s life unbearable, and the family’s life saddened. Thus, the student had to balance every option and maybe give in on reputation for the best social fit, whereas under act utilitarianism, they would have picked a school solely on reputation alone since theoretically, that would lead them to the best possible outcome. Also, under sanction utilitarianism, if a choice is made and it turns out to be wrong, a new choice can be made to counteract the first giving sanction utilitarianism a sense of forgiveness. Combining these two ideals, flexibility and forgiveness, sanction utilitarianism reins superior over act utilitarianism because it is attainable. While both forms of utilitarianism are seeking to find the best possible outcome for the largest number of people, through examining the differences of act utilitarianism and sanction utilitarianism, it became clear that sanction utilitarianism is superior through its attainable qualities. In act utilitarianism the path for right over wrong is very demanding, requiring someone to always do the best thing all of the time. Ultimately, what direct utilitarianism implies is that you fail when what you did was wrong, which may not always be the case. Unlike act utilitarianism, sanction utilitarianism is clear about which acts are sanctioned and which ones are not, which allows someone to strive for their best but not harm them if they fail. Sanction utilitarianism is more preferable and attainable than act utilitarianism when it comes to acts of duty because a person would see the flexibility in sanction utilitarianism as a way to be seeking the righteous actions while being less demanding than act utilitarianism. While humanity is incapable of following act utilitarianism, the forgiveness built into sanction utilitarianism is preferred, since if the choice made turns out to be wrong, a new choice can be made to counteract the first. Combining these two ideals, flexibility and forgiveness, sanction utilitarianism becomes attainable for humanity and it rises in superiority over act utilitarianism.

The Gender Politics of Work Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper :: Yellow Wallpaper essays

The Gender Politics of Work Exposed in The Yellow Wallpaper   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The literature of the nineteenth century cataloged the social, economical and political changes during its period. Through it many new concerns and ideologies were proposed and made their journeys through intellectual spheres that have endured and kept their relevance in our own period today. The literature, sometimes quite overtly, introduced the issues arising with the changes in society specifically due to the industrial revolution. In this mixture of new ideas was the question of women's labor and functions among this rapidly changing society. American authors as well as Victorian authors, like George Gissing and Mabel Wotton, explored these issues somewhat explicitly during this period. In America, Louisa May Alcott and Charlotte Perkins Gilman expressed these issues in short stories with strong implications of the dangers of unfulfilled or unsatisfying labor available to women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  With the emergence of an industrial working class that arrived from the farms and countryside new theories and ideologies about the political economy began to appear. Karl Marx, a political philosopher during this time, introduced the idea of "alienation of labor". His theory proposed that labor has the ability to create a loss of reality in the laborer because the laborer himself becomes a commodity or object due to the nature of work. In terms of the roles of women it can be argued that the effect is even greater due to the limited choices of work available. This theme is expressed in literature through the writings of Gilman and Alcott.   Ã‚  Ã‚  In Charlotte Perkins Gilman's, The Yellow Wallpaper we are introduced to characters that can be argued to be representational of society in the 19th century. The narrator, wife to a seemingly prominent doctor, gives us a vision into the alienation and loss of reality due to her lack of labor. I also contend however that this alienation can also be attributed to her infantilization by her husband, which she willingly accepts. "John laughs at me, of course, but one expects that in marriage" (1). The narrator here realizes her place among the order of society and even notes that it is to be expected. She is aware of her understanding that things between she and her husband are not equal not only because he is a doctor but because he is a man, and her husband.   Ã‚  Ã‚  The narrator is forbidden from work and confined to rest and leisure in the text because she is supposedly stricken with, "†¦temporary nervous depression - a slight hysterical tendency," that is diagnosed by both her husband and her brother, who is also a doctor (1).

Short Speech about Discrimination Among Girl Child and Boy Child

Discrimination against girl children has been a topic of debate. It has been a subject of concern and sociological significance. This subject raises the cultural aspects about the role of a girl child in society, what her human rightsare as a human being and a number of sensitive issues. This issue is important because there is nearly universal consensus on the need for gender equality. Gender based discrimination against girl children is pervasive across the world. It is seen in all the strata of society and manifests in various forms.As per the literature, girl child has been treated inferior to boy child and this is deeply engraved in the mind of the girl child. Some argue that due to this inferior treatment the girls fail to understand their rights. This is more predominant in India as well as other lesser developed countries. Sex selection of the before birth and neglect of the girl child after birth, in childhood and, during the [teenage] years has outnumbered boys to girls in India and also in countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh and South Korea.There are 1029 women per 1000 men in North America   and 1076 women per 1000 men in Europenbut there are only 927 women per 1000 men in India. These numbers tell us quite a harsh story about neglect and mistreatment of the girl child in India. Women have a biological advantage over men for longetivity and survival, however, in spite of this there are more men than women. The figures above support that gender discrimination of girl child is a basic facility area.Though the demographic characteristics do not show much or in some cases, anti-girl bias, there is always a woman who receives a small piece of the pie. There are two main inequalities as pointed out by Amartya Sen, the educational inequality and health inequality, these are the indicators of a woman’s status of welfare. In India irrespective of the caste, creed, religion and social status, the overall status of a woman is lower than men and theref ore a boy child is preferred over a girl child.A boy child is considered a blessing and his birth is celebrated as opposed to a girl child where her birth is not celebrated and is considered more of a burden.   Therefore, [education] and health care of the girl child in India is an important social indicator to measure equality between men and women. According to the 2001 Indian census, overall boy-girl ratio was 927 girls per 1000 boys. However, the 2011 Indian census shows that there are 914 girls per 1000 boys.During the last [decade] the number girl children to boy children in the youngest age group fell from 945 per 1000 boys to 927 per 1000 boys. As per the data available there seems to be gender disparity depending on the location, as the Northern states(particularly Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh) seem to be more biased then the Southern states. The sharpest decline for the age group of zero to six years is observed in the Northern States particularly in Punjab (793 per 1000 girls) and Haryana (820 per 1000 girls).These new figures point out that the use of new technology contributes to the gender composition. Furthermore, the availability of and access to new technologies provides new ways for parent to achieve such goals of sex determination before birth.   Due to the widespread use of this technology the Indian Government banned the sex determination before birth.   In spite of these bans imposed by the Government, the law is not widely followed.A social development report presented in 2010 to the World Bank and UNDP, found that the time a girl child and a boy child spends on various activities is similar, with the exception of domestic work and social/resting time; a girl child spends nearly three forth of an hour more on domestic work than a boy child and therefore lesser hours of social activity/resting then boys.   Despite progress in advancing gender equity from a legal standpoint, in practice many women and girl children still l ack opportunities, and support for the socio-economic advancement.  Historically, the inclusion of young girls and women in education has helped challenge gender [stereotypes] and discrimination.   This suggests that providing space for young girls to develop leadership skills, through education and healthy living is important. This can shape attitudes towards women [capabilities] as leaders and decision makers especially in conventionally boy domains and boy dominated cultures. Because of the sex preference of boy children in India, girl children are deemed of resources in the areas of health and education.

Histology Detective and Brains Cape Essay

This case study focuses on the identification of metastatic tissues — cells that are â€Å"out of place† causing tumors elsewhere in the body. Name the cells you identified in this sample of lung tissue and the main characteristics that you can use to distinguish them. From the observation of the sample there are variety of cells which can be identified as melanocytes. The main characteristics that can be used in distinguishing them is their attachment to the stratified squamous epithelial tissue. Moreover, they are larger and darker compared to the surrounding calls. Melanocytes are densely packed and have only one nucleus. How did you use the main characteristics of different tissues that you learned in your lecture and lab sections as the basis for identifying those cells responsible for the tumor? I applied my histology knowledge from my lectures in distinguishing the features of different cells. I had knowledge on how melanocytes and the natural cells look like on a slide hence it was very easy distinguishing and describing the cells. The cells under observations were abnormal from their look. They were larger in size, darker in color and round. Moreover. Their nucleus were larger compared to the other nucleus of the normal cells and has less cytoplasm. The melanocytes on the slide is always darker compared to the normal cells. According to Garbe et al (2010), there exists significant differences between the tumor cells and the native cells since the tumor cells are widespread in the extracellular fluid, are larger, much darker and more so cube shaped. On the other hand, the native cells are packed densely, smaller, and elongated. In addition to the information in the case presentation (including the web sites contained in the case itself), what other information did you find to determine the identity of the cells and whether one type of cell had migrated from elsewhere in the body? Where did you find this information? What does each of these additional items contribute to the solution of the case? For example, the item contains data from specific tests, trials, or experiments, or presents analyses that can be used to understand the main issues in this case. The article â€Å"Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline† provided experimental illustrating melanoma components. This affirmed that native cells can be differentiated from the invasive cells by features such as arrangement, form and color. The study used histology in identifying the invasive cells from the non-invasive ones (Garbe et al, 2010). In the NIH article, â€Å"Diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma,† majorly the study was based on histology. The study distinguished fully developed melanoma and the early melanoma by categorizing their histological features. Moreover, they identified melanoma stages and different types of melanoma with application of histology (NIH et al, 1992). In the third study, researcher physicians in two universities in three different melanoma cases of various origins in the body. However, all the characteristics of the abnormal cells were distinguished to be melanocytes. The identified abnormal features of the cells are similar to the ones in this case study, hence proving that the abnormal cells observed in the lung tissue were melanocytes (Sonda et al, 2008). What other findings or information in this case are consistent with the information you located? Name those similarities in each of your additional resources. How do these resources apply what you have learned about identifying tissues and cells histologically? From the article I reviewed, there was similarity with the case study in many areas. First, all the studies and the case used a similar method in diagnosing melanoma. They applied the cells histological characteristics in determining their status whether they are noninvasive or invasive cells. The characteristics identified helped in classification of the cells and in determining their origin. What findings or information in each of the additional resources are not consistent with the findings in this case? Name those differences in each of your additional resources. How do these resources apply what you have learned about identifying tissues and cells histologically? In the article â€Å"Diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma,† the study asserted that the cells making melanoma were the stratified melanoma epithelium (NIH et al, 1992). This contradicts the results of the case If your proposed resolution of the case is correct, what other observations might we expect to find in this case? Other observations we might find include metastasis of the tumor to other organs hence the patients could suffer from other compounded problems like neurological problems, digestion and bleeding. Give your solution to this case and, on a scale of 1–5, rate how confident you are in your conclusions in questions 1 and 2 I would rate my confidence at 5 out of 5 because of the observable characteristics of melanoma In considering your resolution and level of confidence level from question 8, describe how you located the information you used in this case. To begin the search, I started with the most comprehensive data base that is Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (NINAH) (Kennedy 2009). The search then continued to search engines such as British Nursing Index, MEDLINE. Moreover PubMed and NCBI were other major search engines which assisted some of the relevant articles. These search engines were used because they contained most of the peer review articles and books. To limit and narrow down the search for articles, internal searches of the databases was used by inserting full length of texts and searching the relevant articles from the list of journals displayed. Moreover, I limited myself to the current articles of up to 5 years What you might do differently if you had it to do over again? For example, would you use different resources and strategies? Different information?First, I would use different relevant articles to make companions of different studies. Moreover, I would try using group work to get opinions and arguments of different group member. References Garbe, C., Peris, K., Hauschild, A., Saiag, P., Middleton, M., Spatz, A., Grob, J. J., †¦ Eggermont, A. (January 01, 2010). Diagnosis and treatment of melanoma: European consensus-based interdisciplinary guideline. European Journal of Cancer, 46, 2, 270-283. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19959353Kennedy, J. R. (2009). Library research guide to education: illustrated search strategy and sources. Ann Arbor, Mich, Pierian Press.NIH Consensus Development Conference on Diagnosis and Treatment of Early Melanoma, & National Institutes of Health (U.S.). (1992). Diagnosis and treatment of early melanoma. Bethesda, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Office of Medical Applications of Research. Retrieved from http://consensus.nih.gov/1992/1992Melanoma088html.htmSonda, Vemon K., MD, Zager, Jonathan S., MD, Messiana, Jane L., MD. Hemonc today. (2008, Oct 10). Retrieved from http://www.hemonctoday.com/article.a spx?rid=37772 Source document

Understanding Percontation Punctuation Marks

Understanding Percontation Punctuation Marks The percontation mark (also known as the punctus percontativus or  percontation  point) is a late-medieval mark of punctuation (ØŸ) used to signal the close of a rhetorical question. In rhetoric, percontatio is a type of affective (as opposed to information-seeking) question, similar to epiplexis. In The Arte of Rhetoric (1553), Thomas Wilson makes this distinction: We doo aske often-tymes, because we would knowe: we do aske also, because we woulde chide, and sette furthe our grief with more vehemencie, the one is called Interrogatio, the other is percontatio. The percontation mark was used (for a brief period of time) to identify this second type of question. Examples and Observations When punctuation was first invented by Aristophanes, librarian at Alexandria in the 4th century BC, he suggested that readers could use middle ( ·), low (.), and high points (Ë™) to punctuate writing according to the rules of rhetoric. Despite this, it took another two millennia before the eponymous rhetorical question got its own mark of punctuation. Worried that his readers would not catch such a subtle figure of speech, in the late sixteenth century the English printer Henry Denham created the percontation mark- a reversed question markto address the problem. . . .Faced with a wave of apathy, use of the percontation mark had petered out within fifty years of its birth. (Keith Houston, 8 Punctuation Marks That Are No Longer Used. Huffington Post, September 24, 2013)The percontation-mark (or punctus percontativus), the standard Arabic question mark, indicated percontations, questions open to any answer or (more loosely) rhetorical questions, in various books of c.1575-c.1625. T his usage seems to have been invented by the translator Anthonie Gilbie or his printer Henry Denham (a pioneer of the semi-colon): roman examples appear in their psalms of Dauid (1581), black letter ones in Turbervilles Tragicall Tales (1587). It didnt catch on in print because, being reversed, expensive new type was needed, but was used by scribes including Crane, who worked on Shakespeares First Folio: so how did compositors set percontation-marks present in their copy but not type-cases? One possibility is that italic or black letter question-marks amid roman type record otherwise unsettable percontation-marks. (John Lennard, The Poetry Handbook: A Guide to Reading Poetry for Pleasure and Practical Criticism. Oxford University Press, 2005) [Henry] Denham seems to have been interested in punctuation, since two of the books he published in the 1580s contain another new, but rare symbol, the percontativus . . .. This consists of a reversed, but not inverted, interrogativus and is used to mark a percontatio, i.e. a rhetorical question, one which does not require an answer. . . . For the most part 16th- and 17th-century authors and compositors either omitted to mark a percontatio, or used the interrogativus, but the percontativus does appear from time to time in the 17th century: for example, in the holographs of Robert Herrick and Thomas Middleton. (M.B. Parkes, Pause and Effect: An Introduction to the History of Punctuation. University of California Press, 1993)

Campus Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Campus Foods - Essay Example The report is supposed to be sent to the president of the university, the human resource department, and state and OSHA agencies. Upon her analysis of the operation Cindy discovered a disturbing trend. The CFS appears to have a serious safety issue because the number of accidents is 20% higher than similar size operations in the food industry. Her boss, Jake, told her to minimize the severity of the accident report because CFS could not afford the report to show inflated accident statistics. Jake also hinted to Cindy that her grade and favorable job recommendation rest on how she handled the accident report. She found 46 cases of accidents and also noticed that some accidents had gone unreported. Cindy has to choose among these seven alternatives: The first option is not a good alternative because as a professional Cindy has to comply with high ethical standards. Cindy is facing an ethical dilemma. â€Å"Ethical dilemmas, also known as moral dilemmas, are situations in which there are two choices to be made, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion† (Yourdictionary, 2012). It would be unethical, dangerous, and illegal for her to omit the truth from the authorities. The second and third options are good and ethical alternatives, but these options put her career at risk because Jake threatened Cindy that he would give her a bad grade and bad recommendation if she told the truth. The option of calling the press and leaking the story would make her a whistleblower. A whistleblower can be defined as a person who reveals any wrongdoings or malpractices that are taking place within an organization (Bainbridge, 2007). I do not think that this is the best course of action because it would bring a lot negative attention to the university. The best option for Cindy which ensures she complies with the her ethical obligations, while

Planning and Recruitment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Planning and Recruitment - Coursework Example This would obviously keep the organization abreast of the changes that are happening globally and which are important to comprehend. The importance of effective planning is that it keeps everything in order and allows one to understand the proper nuances of staffing and recruitment that come within the aegis of an organization in this day and age. The future of any organization is quite dependent on how staffing aspects shape up and what these will bring within its people to people contact within it in the long run. This shall mean a great deal of significance for the employees who get recruited within it for one reason or the other. Q 2: Construct a Job Advertisement of Human Resources Manager vacancy taking into consideration the below fields: Attention, Interest, Desire & Action As far as attention is concerned, there should be a proper heading in place which gains the much needed concentration of the intended audience. This will solve the issue of breaking through the clutter and reaching out to the end reader in a clear cut way. It will be very precise and to the point. Interest is gained with a proper visual in place which is provided the necessary cover through the body copy that is mentioned in the advertisement. It will make sure that the exact message is conveyed here which would be very crisp and interesting in its entirety. This will ask the reader to be a part of the advertisement even more. The desire aspect comes in when the audience long to be a part of the human resources manager vacancy which is given significance by what he is asked to do and what he must carry out in order to be a part of the organization that by now he is willing to recruit within. The action phase is made apparent when the prospective applicant is asked to either contact the person who has been mentioned through e-mail or a mailing address. This is the part where the applicant would contact the organization and thus get in line with the company that he wishes to be a part of. Q 3: Explain the internal and external Recruiting Strategies. Internal recruiting strategy is when the organization wishes to fill up a vacancy from inside its entirety. On the other hand, external recruiting strategy is applied when the business seeks a new applicant from other sources that are outside the business domains. The recruiting strategy that is best utilized by the organization is the one that seeks the best talent for the said position under consideration and is less costly in terms of the amount spent. This would mean that some organizations would like to use a combination of both of these recruiting strategies from time to time while others stick to one of the two. It entirely depends on what kind of understanding the organization has with its own labor force and what it wants to achieve from the people that are working under its aegis. The internal recruiting strategy is usually fast-tracked because an employee would only need to change his position within the of fice. The external recruiting strategy is different and more cumbersome, as it demands more vigilance and extra controls to be implemented within its fore. This would mean that the external recruiting strategy is usually costly and requires hard work on the part of the human resources management realms. Q 4: Discuss the importance of Code of

Contemporary Issues in Judaism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Contemporary Issues in Judaism - Research Paper Example The first practice among Jews that often invites criticism is circumcision. According to Jewish tradition, circumcision is the mark of a covenant between man and God. Circumcision is conducted on the eighth day of a baby, and is preformed by a mohel. Usually, the mohel visits the baby one or two days before the ceremony and verifies that the child is fit for circumcision. Through the circumcision, the foreskin of the penis is removed so that the entire glans and corona are exposed. While the traditionalists believe that there is no issue in continuing with the practice of circumcision, there are people like Dr. Peter Ball (n. d.) who believe that the practice is both unwanted and barbaric. There are umpteen numbers of reasons put forward by scholars to show that circumcision has its own disadvantages. Firstly, it leads to increased intolerance to clothing as the glans, when unprotected, is highly sensitive. In addition, too much rubbing against clothing results in the glans’ l osing sensation. As a result, it leads to less sexual satisfaction. Moreover, studies have proved that circumcision can make people feel mutilated, incomplete, and hence depressed. Despite all the points, the advocates of circumcision point towards the fact that many peoples in the world including many Africans, Christians and Muslims practice circumcision. In addition, they claim that circumcision is a happy occasion as it is the time of making a new covenant with God. Yet another issue that deserves attention is the relation between feminism and Judaism. It is generally claimed that Judaism promotes feminism. This is so because the feminist movements often have a large number of activists from Jews. According to one feminist (Thalia, 24 May 2011) who is a Jew, the holy text Torah teaches people to accord the same respect to all people. An example provided is the building of the Tabernale. In Exodus 35:1, it is read: â€Å"Moses assembled the entire assembly of the Children of Isr ael†, and evidently, there was no differentiation between males and females. Though the traditionalists do not allow women to serve as actual rabbi in orthodox synagogues, there are women who claim to be the leaders of Jews, and recently, Sara Hurwitz was ordained as ‘rabba’- the feminine gender of ‘rabbi’. Admittedly, a look into the Jew principles proves that Jewish ideology promotes the wholeness of a human being and not a role change. In fact, according to Scholars, Judaism believes in being a part of the society while remaining unique, in being a part of a community while maintaining ones own individuality, and in being a part of the world while also being a woman. This understanding of wholeness in ones personality is the reason why many people claim that Jewish women are feminists. However, what happens in today’s world in the name of feminism is actually ‘careerism’. In other words, it is the struggle to give up womenâ€⠄¢s traditional roles and the effort to appropriate men’s roles. Thus, as Heller (2008) points out, the wholeness of personality as taught by Torah is different from the feminism as seen in today’s world. Another issue, abortion, is a matter serious dispute within the Jewish community even now. In order to see if Judaism allows abortion, one should see how Judaism treats a fetus. According to Eisenberg (2004), ‘chalacha’ (Jewish law) considers a fetus as a full-fledged human being. So, one can conclude that destroying a fetus amounts to murder. In addition is the proof that Torah suggests punishment for purposefully causing a woman to miscarry. However, there are people who argue

Journal 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Journal 2 - Essay Example Human Resource Development can be defined as the process of preparing or enhancing competencies, skills, attitudes and the knowledge of the employees in an organization. The employees can qualify to be called human resources when they become useful components in the organization by acquiring the ability to play their roles efficiently (Kuchinke, 2010). Human Resource Development ensure that the staffs are able to work efficiently. Therefore, this process aims at producing knowledgeable, competent and skilled employees that will be able to work optimally toward realizing the organization goals and objectives. Human Resource Development is conducted through various ways such as career planning, organization development, training, and development, which help in imparting appropriate skills and knowledge onto the employees. Human Resource Development is a continuous process that takes a proactive approach in order to capacitate employees in their different roles and ensuring that they ac hieve their full potential. This process also helps to better the lives of the employees, as it concentrates on all-around development of the human resources (Poell, 2011). In conclusion, Human Resource Development is a crucial process that focuses on the development of the employees both at the workplace and in other aspects of their lives. It is done through training and development, whereby suitable knowledge and skills are imparted on the employees, thus making them competent and knowledgeable (Kuchinke,

Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds

Adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds ADSORPTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ON DIFFERENT TIMBER SPECIES Marco Vasconcelos1, Nereida Cordeiro1,2* ABSTRACT Due to the health issues associated to VOC, this work aims to study the adsorption of these compounds onto timbers, in order to improve air quality. For this task, inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to characterize surface properties (surface energy, specific free energy and enthalpy of adsorption). Dispersive component of the surface energy (ÃŽ ³SD) ranged from 39.95 to 43.81 mJ/m2, corresponding to Amburana and Courbaril respectively. Yellow Pine shows higher values of the specific free energy of adsorption (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs), indicating a higher number/energy of polar active sites. On the other hand, the enthalpy of adsorption values (à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs) don’t go in agreement with à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs, probably due to its temperature-dependence. That said, the à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs values indicate a basic surface and Amburana establishes stronger interactions with polar probes while Yellow Pine establishes stronger interactions with cyclohexane. Additionally, the â€Å"thermodynamic compensation effect† was evaluated on these samples, being observed linearity in Yellow Pine, Grapia and Brazilian Mahogany. The slope was similar between the different species, indicating a similar adsorption mechanism. Keywords: Inverse Gas Chromatography, Surface Properties, Wood Fibers, Volatile Organic Compounds, thermodynamic compensation effect 1. INTRODUCTION Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are organic compounds produced in industries, motor vehicles, power plants, etc. They are usually distinguished by boiling temperatures under 250 ºC, at standard atmospheric pressure (1 atm), and with high vapor pressures, surpassing 0.5 kPa at 25 ºC (Dobre, Pà ¢rvulescu, Iavorschi, Stroescu, Stoica, 2014). The aforementioned compounds have harmful impact on human health, such as eye and throat irritation, damage to the liver, central nervous system and carcinogenic effects, due to prolonged exposure (Das, Gaur, Verma, 2004). Therefore, reducing the VOC concentration on the atmosphere is an important task in order to improve air quality and avoid health issues. Wood fibers consist in both dead and living cells, being at a macroscopic level organized within a layer of xylene, in the wood. From the chemical point of view, consists mostly in cellulose, followed by hemicellulose and lignin. Due to the hydrogen bonds established by the hydroxyl groups of cellulose of the surface, it affects strongly on the properties of the material, such as hydrophobicity and therefore its reactivity (Hodzic, Shanks, 2014). About 80.5% of the wood fibers are used in the paper industry and around 17% for wood fibers modification (composites: Kazayawoko, Balatinecz, Romansky, 1997; Adusumali, Reifferscheid, Weber, Roeder, Sixta, Gindl, 2006; Cao, Hu, Liu, 2008). In this work, Inverse gas Chromatography (IGC) was used to characterize the surface properties (surface energy, specific free energy and enthalpy of adsorption) of Amburana, Yellow Pine, Grapia, Courbaril and Brazilian Mahogany to evaluate the adsorption of some VOC (Chloroform, cyclohexane, ethyl acetate, benzene and toluene). Additionally, the â€Å"thermodynamic compensation effect† was studied to investigate the mechanism of thermodynamic adsorption on the different samples analyzed. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Materials Methane (>99.99% purity) was used an inert reference probe and the carrier gas utilized was helium (>99.99% purity), both supplied by Air Liquide Company. The probe molecules were supplied by Sigma–Aldrich with GC grade (>99% purity). 2.2 iGC analysis iGC measurements were carried out, at least, in duplicate, on a commercial inverse gas chromatograph (Surface Measurements Systems, London, UK) equipped with a flame ionization (FID), thermal conductivity (TCD) and mass spectrometer (MS) detectors. Standard glass silanized (dymethyldichlorosilane; Repelcote BDH, UK) columns with 0.4 cm ID and 30 cm in length were used. About 1.5 g of timber sawdust mesh 40-60 was packed by vertical tapping for 10 min. The columns, with the samples, were pre-treated for 2h at 343 K and 10 ml/min of flow rate, to remove the impurities adsorbed on the surface and 2h at the measurement conditions. After pre-treatment, pulse injections were carried out with a 0.25 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­l gas loop. The iGC system was fully automated with purpose written control software (SMS iGC Controller v1.3) and data were analyzed using iGC Standard v1.3 and Advanced Analysis Software v1.21. The presented results are the average of the values obtained for each sample with a standard deviation minor than 5%. Measurements of the dispersive interaction were made with n-alkanes (n-decane, n-nonane, n-octane, n-heptane and n-hexane) at 298 K, at 0% RH. The carrier gas (Helium) flow rate was 10 ml/min. To acid-base studies cyclohexane, benzene, chloroform, toluene and ethyl acetate were used at 0% RH. Heat of sorption measurements were done with the polar probes at 298 K, 0% RH, and 10 ml/min flow rate. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Dispersive component of the surface tension The solvent–sorption properties of the timbers were studied at infinite dilution condition in order to remove the interactions between the probe molecules adsorbed at the surface of the samples. The methane injection allows the calculation of the dead time and subtracts it to the retention time in order to obtain the retention volume (Thielmann, 2004). The corrected net retention volume VN is given by: where Vd is the mobile phase hold-up volume (called dead volume), and VR the measured retention volume. The 0 superscript indicates a correction for the column pressure drop given by j: where where T is the column temperature, F is the exit flow rate at 1 atm and 273.15K, tR is the retention time and t0 is the mobile phase hold-up time. The dispersive component of the surface energy, as well as the specific free energy of sorption, was measured with dispersive and acid-base probe molecules. The relation between the retention volume and free energy of sorption à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  G ºS is given by the following equation: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  G0S = RTln VR0 + K where R is the gas constant and K is the De Boer or Kemball/Rideal constant depending on the chosen reference state (De Boer, 1953; Kemball Rideal, 1946). Moreover, à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  G0S is related to the energy of adhesion WA (between probe molecule and solid) by the equation: à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  G0S = NAaWA where a is the cross sectional area of the adsorbate and NA the Avogadro constant. According to Fowkes (1964), the dispersive contribution of the work of adhesion WA is given by: WA = 2(ÃŽ ³SDÃŽ ³LD)1/2 with ÃŽ ³SD and ÃŽ ³LD as the surface tension of the adsorbent and the adsorbate respectively. Combining the equations above: Thus, the dispersive component of the surface tension (ÃŽ ³SD) values could be calculated based on the plots of RT lnV0R vs a(ÃŽ ³LD)1/2 for the adsorption of n-alkane probes, as illustrated in Figure 1. Good linear correlations (0.9991-0.9996) were obtained for the n-alkane series for all samples analyzed. The calculated ÃŽ ³SD values are given in Table 1 and show very similar results between the different timber species. The surface energy ranged from 39.95 to 43.81 mJ/m2, corresponding to Amburana and Courbaril respectively. These values are similar to those reported by Kazayawoko, Balatinecz, Romansky (1997) and Shu, Xu, JinWei, BaoLi (2007) for wood flour (35.6 mJ/m2 at 323K) and ashtree wood meal (36.52 mJ/ m2 at 323K) respectively. Gouveia, Cordeiro and John (2011) reported various lignocellulosic fibres (flax, hemp, kenaf, agave, agave hybrid pineapple, and sisal), with ÃŽ ³SD values ranged from 37.17 to 51.37 mJ/ m2 (at 298K). In the same article aforementioned, it’s also explained that variations in the ÃŽ ³SD values can be due to the different composition, growing conditions of the fibers and method of extraction. The latter is justified due to the fibers being usually covered by a layer of wax, and may interfere with elutant-fiber interactions. When removed during the method of extraction it’s expected to change drastically the surface energy. 3.2 Polar probes sorption studies A widespread approaching to the Lewis acid/base surface interactions can provide better perceptive of the chemical-physical properties of the timber surfaces. The presence of acid and base active sites on the surfaces increases the possibility of specific intermolecular interactions with solvents and others compounds. The specific free energy of sorption, à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs was determined by the distance between the alkane line and the points corresponding to the ΔG ºs value of polar probes (Gamble, Leane, Olusanmi, Tobyn, Supuk, 2012). à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs = RTln(VN) – RTln(VNref) The à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs values are given in Table 2 and represented in Figure 2. Chloroform was used as an acid probe on this work. The values ranged from 0.53 to 2.50 kJ/mol, corresponding to Brazilian Mahogany and Yellow Pine respectively. Based on the results obtained, the à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs values of Chloroform decrease in the following order Pine > Grapia > Courbaril > Amburana > Mahogany. This observation indicates that Yellow Pine may have a higher quantity/energy of active sites with basic character compared to the other fibers. A similar order was observed on Cyclohexane, indicating that Yellow Pine might also have a higher quantity/energy of active sites with apolar character. Although, the same order is not observed in ÃŽ ³SD, since that for the surface energy were used n-alkanes and due to the shape of cyclohexane and consequent different steric hindrance, it will have different interactions with the surface. On the other hand, Brazilian Mahogany shows the lowest à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs values for the overall probes, indicating a lower quantity/energy of active sites. Ethyl acetate was used as a basic probe in Amburana, Yellow Pine and Courbaril. The interaction of this probe, alongside chloroform, with the timber surface indicates the presence of both acidic and basic sites on the solid surface. 3.3 Heat of sorption measurements In the infinite dilution region, where the isotherm is linear, VN should be measured at a range of column temperatures and ln(VN/T) plotted vs. 1/T, which yields the heat of sorption à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs according to (Conder Young, 1979): To determine the enthalpies of sorption (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾HS) of the VOC’s in the timber species, the specific retention volume (VN) was measured at different temperatures (293 to 298K) and the retention diagrams ln VN vs 1/T were plotted (Fig. 3-7). Some of VOC ´s couldn’t be used in some of the timber species because the retention time was too low to make accurate calculations due to the peak overlap. The à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs values are given in Table 3, determined at three different temperatures. Good linear correlations (>0.99) were obtained for the probes used, as shown in Figures 3-7. In this work, the à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs values for the basic probes (Ethyl acetate; Higher DN/AN*) were lower than the à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs values for the acid probes (Chloroform; Lower DN/AN*), indicating a basic character of the solid surface. Cordeiro, Mendonà §a, Pothan and Varma (2012) and Gouveia, Cordeiro and John (2011) observed the same basic character in macro and nanobanana fibers, flax, hemp, kenaf, agave, agave hybrid pineapple, and sisal. For chloroform, the à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs values decreased in the following order: Amburana > Brazilian Mahogany > Grapia > Courbaril > Yellow Pine. At first sight it indicates that Amburana establishes stronger interactions with the surface, compared with the other timbers. On the other hand, Yellow Pine establishes the weakest interactions with chloroform. A similar order was also observed for cyclohexane, for the exception of Yellow Pine, that shows the highest à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs value for this probe. The results don’t go in agreement with the ones obtained from the specific free energy of adsorption study, probably due to the fact that the temperature might influence the à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs values and therefore it might mislead to incorrect conclusions. Thus, the à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs values will give a better insight of which timber is advised (or not) to remove VOC from the atmosphere since it already have in account the temperature. Being said, the results indicate that for polar probes Amburana have stronger interactions while for apolar probes Yellow Pine have stronger interactions. 3.4 Entropy of Sorption calculation The linear dependence between ΔHS and ΔSS is called â€Å"Thermodynamic Compensation Effect†. Normally, stronger intermolecular interactions (related to ΔHS) result in less degrees of freedom of the elutant, leading into a greater order of the system, decreasing the entropy of the system (Liu L., Guo Q-X., 2001). The entropy of sorption was directly calculated according to: Figure 8 represents the entropy-enthalpy correlation, being only observed on Yellow Pine, Grapia and Brazilian Mahogany. All three dependences are linear and almost parallel, with a slope between 2.7910-3 and 3.7310-3 K-1. Therefore, these three samples follow the previous equation. According to Korolev A. et al., (2011), a similar slope indicates similar adsorption mechanism on the samples studied on this work. Since all the samples have similar composition, it was expected the same adsorption mechanism between them. 4. CONCLUSION IGC was used to evaluate different surface properties, namely surface energy, specific free energy and enthalpy of adsorption. The ÃŽ ³SD values were measured at 298K and ranged from 39.95 to 43.81 mJ/m2. These variations between results are due to different composition, growing conditions and method of extraction. The results don’t go in agreement between enthalpy of adsorption and the specific free energy of adsorption probably due to the influence of the temperature on the à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs. In Yellow Pine were observed higher à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs values for chloroform and cyclohexane compared to the other fibers, indicating a higher quantity/energy of active sites with basic and apolar character. In Amburana, Yellow Pine and Courbaril, the basic probes showed lower à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs values compared to acid à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  Hs values, indicating a basic character. The same was observed on other fibers found in literature. Amburana establishes stronger interactions with Chloroform while Yellow Pine establishes stronger interaction with cyclohexane, compared to the other timber species. The â€Å"Thermodynamic Compensation Effect† was only observed in Yellow Pine, Grapia and Brazilian Mahogany, with linear fits almost parallel. The slope ranged between 2.7910-3 and 3.7310-3 K-1. Similar slopes indicate similar adsorption mechanism, which makes sense due to similar composition. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT References Adusumali R-B, Reifferscheid M, Weber H, Roeder T, Sixta H, Gindl W. Mechanical properties of regenerated cellulose fibres for composites. Macromolecular Symposia 2006, 244: 119–25. Cao S., Hu B., Liu H. Synthesis of pH-responsive crosslinked poly[styrene-co-(maleic sodium anhydride)] and cellulose composite hydrogel nanofibers by electrospinning. Polymer International 2009, 58: 545–551. Cordeiro N., Gouveia C., John M. J. Investigation of surface properties of physico-chemically modified natural fibers using inverse gas chromatography. Industrial Crops and Products 2011, 33: 108–115. Cordeiro, N., Mendonà §a, C., Pothan, L. A., Varma, A. Monitoring surface properties evolution of thermochemically modified cellulose nanofibres from banana pseudo-stem. Carbohydrate Polymers 2012, 88, 125–131. De Boer, J.H., 1953. The Dynamic Character of Chemisorption, 2nd Ed., Clarendon Press, Oxford. Gamble J., Leane M., Olusanmi D., Tobyn M., Supuk E., Khoo J., Naderi M., 2012, Surface energy analysis as a tool to probe the surface energy characteristics of micronized materials A comparison with inverse gas chromatography; International Journal of Pharmaceutics; 422: 238-244 Kemball C., Rideal, E.K. The Adsorption of Vapours on Mercury. I. Non-Polar Substances. Proceedings of the Royal Society A 1946, 187: 53–73. Korolev A., Shiryaeva V., Popova T., Kurganov A. Enthalpy–entropy compensation effect on adsorption of light hydrocarbons on monolithic stationary phases, Journal of Separation Science 2011, 34, 2362-2369. Liu L., Guo Q.-X. Isokinetic relationship, isoequilibrium relationship, and enthalpy–entropy compensation. Chemical Reviews 2001, 101: 673–695. M. Kazayawoko, J. Balatinecz, M. Romansky. Thermodynamics of adsorption of n-alkanes on maleated wood fibers by inverse gas chromatography. Journal of Colloid Interface Science 1997, 190: 408-415. Thielmann F, 2004, Introduction into the characterization of porous materials by Inverse Gas Chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 1037: 115–123. Zhao S., Lin X., Song J. Shi B.. Surface characterization of ashtree wood meal by inverse gas chromatography. Chinese Science Bulletin 2007, 52: 1178-1181. Conder, J., Young, C. (1979). Physicochemical measurement by Gas Chromatography. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd. TABLE CAPTIONS Table 1 – Dispersive component of the surface tension (ÃŽ ³SD). Table 2 – Specific free energy of sorption (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºS). Table 3 – Enthalpy of sorption (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾HS). Table 4 – Entropy of sorption (ΔSS). Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 FIGURE CAPTIONS Figure 1 Energy of adsorption vs a(à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ §DL)1/2 for n-alkanes on the timbers (Amburana, Grapia, Courbaril, Brazilian Mahogany and Yellow Pine) surface at 298K and 0%RH. Figure 2 – Specific free energy of the adsorption (à ¯Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å¾G ºs) of Chloroform and Cyclohexane onto samples analyzed at 298K. Figure 3 – Enthalpy of sorption plot and linear fits for cyclohexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate measurement on Amburana timber surface 293-298K, at 0 % RH and 10ml/min. Figure 4 – Enthalpy of sorption plot and linear fits for cyclohexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate measurement on Yellow Pine timber surface 293-298K, at 0 % RH and 10ml/min. Figure 5 – Enthalpy of sorption plot and linear fits for cyclohexane, chloroform and benzene measurement on Grapia timber surface 293-298K, at 0 % RH and 10ml/min. Figure 6 – Enthalpy of sorption plot and linear fits for cyclohexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate measurement on Courbaril timber surface 293-298K, at 0 % RH and 10ml/min. Figure 7 – Enthalpy of sorption plot and linear fits for cyclohexane, chloroform and toluene measurement on Brazilian Mahogany timber surface 293-298K, at 0 % RH and 10ml/min. Figure 8 – Entropy-enthalpy compensation effect on Yellow Pine, Grapia and Brazilian Mahogany. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8